Neferhotep I was the 22nd king of the 13th Dynasty. He ruled Egypt from 1696 till 1686 BC. He was the son of a temple priest in Abydos. His father's position helped him to gain the royal image as the king because he did not have any royal blood in his family. Neferhotep is inspirited on some stones discovered near Byblos. Also, they found other stones in Aswan that were carved with texts which documents all his reign. It seems that all his power reached the Delta in the north and the Nubian Nome in the south
Ay was the 27th king of the 13th Dynasty. He ruled Egypt from 1664 till 1641 BC. The king did not have any royal blood. He was from Avaris, a city located in Eastern Delta that was heavily populated with Heksus. The Heksus are the Asiatics who controlled Northern Egypt till 1500 BC. Ay built his pyramid near Avaris but only ruins remain from his temple.
Salitis was the 1st king of the 15th Dynasty. Northern Egypt was under Heksus rulers throughout the Dynasty. The Heksus are the Asiatics that invaded through Sinai and settled in the Delta. The Heksus controlled all the Nile Delta and Northern Egypt. By time, they got more powerful and set their own Dynasties ( from the 14th till the end of the 16th Dynasty). Some scholars mentione Salitis's name as "Sultan". This is an Arabic translation of the phrase 'powerful king' because the king was considered to be the founder of the Great Heksus Dynasty. Salitis captured Memphis and placed himself in higher rank than any of the royal families in the Capitol.
Apachnan was the third king of the 15th Dynasty. He was considered one of the "Great Heksus". Apachnan's power reached beyond his kingdom in Northern Egypt. Archeologists found some scarabs and seals bearing his name in Northern and Southern Egypt and some Mediterranean islands such as Crete.
Khamudi was the last king of the 15th Dynasty and was the last king of the "Great Heksus". The king was listed in the Turin Canon. Khamudi's Obelisk was discovered near the ancient city of Avaris. The king was responsible for negotiation of the Hiksus army's withdrawal from Avaris and most of the Delta. Khamudi was pressured to withdraw due to the successful campaign of Ahmose I's army on his capitol. However, the southern Pharaohs did not keep their agreement and pushed the Heksus out of Egypt and raided their cities in the Middle East for several years by the Theben kings of the 18th Dynasty.
The fourteenth king of the Theban Dynasty, ruling Egypt contemporaneously with the Hyksos 15th and 16th Dynasties, was the son of Tao I and Queen Tetisheri. When Tao received word from Apophis, ruler of the Hyksos capital in Avaris, that the hippopotami in the sacred pool at Thebes kept him awake with their snoring, Tao regarded it as an insult. The hippopotami were 400 miles from Apophis sleeping chambers! Tao declared war but was soon killed. His mummy shows evidence of blows by battle-axes, spears and lances. His ribs, vertebrae and skull were fractured. His heir, Kamose, assumed the throne and the war, and was victorious.
The 15th king of the 17th Dynasty was the son of Sekenenretao and Queen Ahhotep and was the brother of Ahmose I. Kamose's father had been at war with the Hyksos. When Sekenenretao died suddenly, Kamose assumed the throne and the war. Kamose went into war with horse and chariot. His chariots were lighter and more maneuverable than in previous eras. He also had the advantage by having the Medjay as allies. These Nubian forces were ferocious hand to hand combatants that fought in the front lines. Kamose overcame the enemy at Nefrusy and moved into the oasis of Baharia. He then sailed up and down the Nile in search of traitors. When Kamose died, either of natural causes or of battle wounds, without an heir, his brother, Ahmose I took the throne. Kamose was the last king of the 17th Dynasty. Ahmose I was to begin the New Kingdom.
